自学考试“英语（一）”笔记 五十五
Text A How TV Violence Affects Kids
本课最重要单词
1.violence n. 暴力；激烈
violent adj. 暴力的；激烈的
1）Preschool children suffer most from TV violence. （学龄前儿童受暴力电视节意图风险最深。）
2）People in that country hated the king to the marrow1 as he ruled the country with violence.
（那个国家的公民对国王恨之入骨，由于他用暴力进行统治。）
3）He flung open the door with violence. （他用劲地忽然把糯蚩＃�
4）The violent blow sent him down on his knees. （那强烈的一击使他跪倒在地。）
5）The doctor told him not to do any violent exercise. （ 大夫嘱咐他不要进行剧烈运动。）
2.exposure n. 露出；揭露；揭秘
expose v. 露出；使揭秘；使遭受；使处于…影响之下；展出
1）Too much exposure to sunlight will burn your skin.（过度晒太阳会晒伤皮肤。）
2）The exposure of corruption2 by the media caught the attention of the public.
（传媒对糜烂的揭露引起了公众的注意。）
3）She concealed3 the secret from her parents， fearing the exposure would stun4 them.
（她对父母隐瞒了这个隐秘，担忧隐秘露出会令父母震动。）
4）How many exposures have you made？ （你拍了几张相片？）
5）His shirt was open， exposing the tattoo5 on his chest. （他的衬衫打开了，露出了刺在乳房的文身。）
6）His fatness exposed him to a lot of joking at the office. （他长得肥壮，因此在办公室常受取笑。）
7）He was exposed to music when he was a child. （他自幼受音乐薰陶。）
8）Parents should expose their children to good books. （父母应让孩子们读好书。）
9）He is going to expose all his collections at the auction6. （他计划拍卖时把珍藏品悉数陈列出来。）
3.allocate v. 分配；把…拨给；把…划归
allocation n. 分配；划拨的资金
1）Some doctors and teachers will be allocated7 to the villagers to help the people there.
（一些大夫和教师将被派往那些村子帮助那儿的大家。）
2）They were dissatisfied with the way resources were allocated.
（他们对资源分配的办法不认可。）
3）One third of the money has been allocated to the public services.
（三分之一的经费已拨给了公用事业。）
4）They said the allocation of seats was unfair.（他们说席位的分配不公平。）
5）He has a $5000 allocation to cover the expenses.
（他有一笔5000USD的拨款以应对各项开销。）
4. significantly adv. considerably8 （适合数目地）；meaningfully （有意义地）
significant adj. important，meaningful （意义紧急的）
marked，considerable （不需要忽视的；适合数目的）
significance n. consequence （意义；影响） implication（意义）
1）Their opinions don‘t differ significantly from each other. （他们两个的怎么看无明显不同。）
2）He said to us significantly that education of the youth would be vital to the future of a country. （他意味深长地对大家说青年的教育对于一个国家的将来至关要紧。）
3）July 4 is a significant date for Americans. （对美国人来讲7月4日是一个意义紧急的日子。）
4）There has been a significant increase in juvenule crime in recent years.（近年来，青少年犯罪活动有了适合大的添加。）
5）This is an event of great significance. （这是一个很紧急的事情。）
6）It is necessary to attach great significance to environmental protection.（看重环境保护是必要的。）
5.per prep. 每一，每
1）He earns $3000 per month.（他每月挣3000USD。）
2）We drove at the speed of 70miles per hour.（大家以每小时70英里的速度行驶。）
3）Take the medicine 3times per day.（这药每天服三次。）
4）They spent more than 20million pounds per year.（他们每年花费两千万英镑。）
6.given prep. considering （考虑到）
1）Given their inexperience， they have done a good job.
（考虑到他们缺少经验，这工作他们做得很好。）
2）Given his age， the old man is in good condition.
（考虑到老人的年龄，他的身体情况很好了。）
3）Given my interest in oil painting， this is the best place to study.
（考虑到我对油画的兴趣，这是学习的最好地方。）
4）It seems unreasonable9 to send him away， given that he is doing quite well.
（考虑到他的工作干得很好，把他解雇是不适当的。）
7.adopt v. take up （采纳）； accept （收留）； officially pass （正式通过）
1）I don‘t know if I should adopt a positive attitude towards the whole happening.
（我不了解我是不是应该对整个事情采纳积极情绪。）
2）Their country adopted press censorship. （他们国家采纳了新闻检查准则。）
3）They adopted an orphan10 as they had no child of their own.
（他们自己没孩子，所以收留了一个孤儿。）
4）The boy was happy as anything when his parents decided11 to adopt a puppy.
（当父母决定收留一条小狗时，那个男生开心极了。）
5）Congress adopted the new measures. （国会通过了新方法。）
6）The National Congress adopted the government report.
（全国人大通过了政府工作报告。）
请注意差异adopt和adapt
adapt vi. adjust （调理；改变…以适应）
vt. revise（校准；调整；改编）
1）He had to adapt himself to the new condition.（他不能不使自己适应新的状况。）
2）Mr. Wang could not adapt himself to the new climate.
（王先生不可以适应新的气候。）
3）He is adapting the novel for television.（他正把那部小说改编为电视剧。）
8.distinguish v. separate （差异，分辨）； identify （认出）
1）You have to distinguish facts from rumours12 if you want to form a correct opinion.
（倘若想有一个正确的看法，你得分辨实质和传说。）
2）He was distinguished13 from other boys by his height.
（他的身高显出他与其它男生的不同。）
3）Some children were unable to distinguish between the letters b and p.
（有的孩子不可以分辨字母b和p.）
9.fantasy n. 想像；梦想
1）He is always having fantasies about becoming rich.（他一直抱着发财的梦想。）
2）To a small child， fantasy and reality are very close to each other .（对幼儿来讲，梦想和实质靠得非常近。）
请注意差异fancy，fantasy，imagination
fancy和fantasy多指无实质依据的凭空想像。Fancy的内容多是虚构的，梦想的；fantasy的内容更是荒谬乖僻的。
Imagination的想像多依据所见所闻或实质内容一般是适当的。
1）She went wherever the fancy took her. （她随性致所至想去什么地方就去什么地方。）
2）These fantasies are sometimes very dangerous to school children. （对学龄儿童来讲这类乖僻念头是非常危险的。）
3）Poets， artists and inventors need imagination. （诗人，艺术家和创造家都需要想像力。）
10.underlying14 adj. 鄙人面的；根本的；潜在的
1）There are underlying similarities between all human beings.
（人与人之间有着潜在的相似之处。）
2）The underlying theme of the novel is very serious. （这本小说的潜在主题是极其严肃的。）
3）Can you understand the underlying meaning of what he said？ （你能理解他所说的话的意义吗？）
4）The underlying structure of this building is no doubt very firm. （这座楼的底层结构无疑是结实的。）
11.motive15 n. reason， purpose （动机，意图）
1）Greed was his only motive for receiving bribery16. （贪婪是他纳贿的唯一缘由。）
2）His motive in coming was a wish to achieve mutual17 understanding. （他来的动机是想达成相互理解。）
3）The little boy opened his sister‘s mail through motives18 of curiosity. （那个小孩子出于好奇打开了姐姐的邮件。）
4）You should question his motive before you approve his conduct. （在你同意他的所作所为之前应该先质询他的动机。）
12.subtlety19 n. delicacy；sensitivity 奇妙之处，细微之处；敏锐
subtle adj. 模糊的；奇妙的
1）Nobody noticed the subtlety of his remarks. （无人听出他话中的奇妙意义。）
2）They can sense each other‘s intentions with great subtlety. （他们能敏锐地感觉到彼此的意图。）
3）It is difficult for people from other cultures to master the subtleties20 of the American joke.
（对于来自其他文明的人来讲把握美国笑话的奇妙之处是困难的。）
4）His whole attitude has undergone a subtle change. （他的整个情绪已经有了奇妙的变化。）
5）He dwelt on the subtle distinction between the two words.
（他胪陈两个词词义的细微不同。）
13.moral adj. 有品德的 n. 品德；含义
1）He complained that he had witnessed a fall in moral standards.
（他诉苦说他目睹了品德标准的衰落。）
2）Parents are responsible for the children‘s moral welfare.
（父母应付孩子品德上的健康成长负责。）
3）The moral of the story was “A friend in need is a friend indeed ”。
（这个故事的教益是“患难之交见真情。”）
4）I don‘t know what moral to draw from all this. （我不了解从所有这所有中应得出何种教训。）
5）He has no morals and will do anything for money. （他毫无品德，为了钱什么都干得出来。）
14.recovery n. 恢复；收购
recover v. 恢复；克复；拯救
1）He is recovered from his illness. （他已恢复了健康。）
2）She recovered her strength after two days‘rest. （通过两天的休息，她恢复了力气。）
3）The police recovered the stolen watch. （警察追回了被盗的手表。）
4）He said he had to work hard to recover the lost time. （他说他得努力工作，把失去的时间补回来。）
5）Mr. Wang insisted that the economic recovery was still slow. （王先生坚持觉得经济复苏还太缓慢。）
6）She made a remarkable21 recovery from the illness. （她让人惊异地从那场疾病中恢复了。）
7）The recovery of the lost wallet thrilled the whole family. （丢失钱包的复得使全家人开心不已。）
